Karst

 

Karst uplands offer a very unique hydrogeology. With dolines, sinkstreams, limestone pavements, raised mires, underground cave systems and springs - all influencing permeability - pollutants can find their way into river-beds via multiple routes and avoid detection if this is not considered.

"Karst - multiple pollutants" summarises these effects.

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Karst upland cross - section

Karst upland showing cave passages conducting water to a stream

Karst landscape More info... Karst - basic cutout More info...
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Diffuse pollution via fissures and cave system

Diffuse pollution polluting a karst stream via fissures and cave system

Karst landscape More info... Karst - basic cutout More info... Karst - second cutout plus diffuse pollution More info... Karst - second cutout, diffuse pollutant, breakthrough curve More info...
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Discrete pollution - limestone pavement

Discrete pollution on a limestone pavement polluting a karst stream via fissures and cave system

Karst landscape More info... Karst - basic cutout More info... Karst - pollution on limestone pavement More info... Karst - pollution on limestone pavement, breakthrough curve More info...
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Discrete pollution-doline

Discrete pollution into a doline polluting a karst stream via fissures and cave system

Karst landscape More info... Karst - basic cutout More info... Karst - pollution into a doline More info... Karst - pollution into a doline, showing breakthrough curve More info...
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Monitoring pollution - karst aquifer

Monitoring pollution incidents in a karst aquifer

Karst landscape More info... Karst - basic cutout More info... Karst - pollution into a doline, showing monitoring points More info... Karst - pollution into a doline, cutout showing monitoring issues More info...
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Karst aquifer - raised mire

Demostrating the protection offered to a karst aquifer by low permeability superficial deposit such as a raised mire

Karst - raised mire More info... Karst - raised mire, cutout More info...
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Karst aquifer - raised mire & doline

Demostrating the protection offered to a karst aquifer by low permeability superficial deposit such as a raised mire is invalidated by the presence of karst feature such as doline that bypas the impermeable deposits

Karst - raised mire More info... Karst - raised mire, cutout More info... Kast - raised mire, showing pollution into a doline More info... Karst - raised mire with cutout showing pollution into a doline More info...
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Karst - Multiple pollutants

Different pollutants entering the stream via different routes

Karst -three pollution sources and paths plus breakthrough curve More info...

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